Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Vijayaraghavan ¹, S. Sathya ¹, N. R. Raajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, School of Electrical & Electronics Communication, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu- 613401, IN

Abstract

Image encryption plays a major role in information security. It is mainly used to convert the original image into another form. In this work, we propose a bit plane slicing of digital image to provide the more security. The main aim of BPS is used to divide the digital image into 8 bit planes. The bit plane is further rotated in order to provide better encrypted image and to make hacking more difficult. It focuses on two techniques such as bit plane slicing and image rotation for efficient image encryption. The classification of bit plane is used for analyzing the importance played by each bit of an image. It is used to estimate the each pixel of an image. The proposed technique involves rotation of bit planes is employed to make highly secure image encryption. By this method scrambling of an image is based on efficient technique even it is intercepted, the information cannot be understood. It is mainly useful for image compression because it exhibits high coding efficiency. This method which makes the decryption of an image more difficult compared to other techniques.

Keywords

Bit Plane Slicing, Image Encryption, Rotation, Scrambling

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R. Vijayaraghavan ¹, S. Sathya ¹, N. R. Raajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronics Communication, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Image encryption is used to protect the data of an image in the most secure way. In this paper, we perform encryption and decryption of the three color planes based on gray code effect and fast Fourier transform. Gray level codes indicate that occurrence of one bit changes from a previous state of current. This process allows the system to detect the error when more than one bit changes occur. It is more efficient than binary bit plane decomposition. The Fourier transform is mainly used to represent the frequency characteristic of a spatial domain image. The color plane scrambling process is done by combining three individual encrypted planes into one composite image. This method which is applicable for any type of image formats as bmp, JPEG, GIF. This paper gives a simple way to scramble the image in unpredictable way. It provides more security than other encryption algorithm. The original images can be retrieved using a correct security key which achieves better results than the other existing methods. By exploiting gray code and Fourier transforms it increases the difficulty of decoding.

Keywords

Bit Plane Decomposition, Color Plane Scrambling, Fast Fourier Transform, Gray Code, Image Encryption

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Jibby Varghese ¹, J. Silvia Edison ², R. Vijayaraghavan ²

Affiliations
1 Baby Memorial Collage of Nursing Kozhikode, Kerala, IN
2 Research Department Saveetha University Chennai, IN

Abstract

A study was done to determine the effectiveness of family intervention on relapse rate of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome, in selected De-addiction centre. Objectives were (1) Determine the effectiveness of family intervention on relapse rate of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. (2) Identify the effectiveness of family intervention on Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) levels of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. True experimental approach with pre test, post test control group design was used for 100 samples, 50 each of control and experimental groups by simple random sample. Research tools were structured questionnaire for personal data and AWARE (Advance Warning Signs of Relapse) scale. Friedman’s RM ANOVA on ranks by Dunn’s method and Mann Whitney rank sum test were used to evaluate the relapse rate of control and experimental groups. The pre test and post test GGT values of control and experimental groups were evaluated by unpaired ‘t’ test. The study concluded that family interventions was effective for reducing relapse rate, GGT level showed a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to control group.

Keywords

Family Intervention, Relapse Rate, Alcohol Dependence Syndrome.

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Sarulatha Haridass ¹, M. Manikumar ², Vasanthan Rajagopalan ³, R. Vijayaraghavan ⁴, Ramesh Kumar Jeyaraman ⁵

Affiliations
1 Ph.D. Scholar, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai. Professor, Dept of Physiotherapy, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Karnataka., IN
2 Professor, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai., IN
3 Professor, Oxford College of Physiotherapy, Bangalore, IN
4 Director, Dept of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai., IN
5 Professor, Dept of Physiotherapy, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Karnataka., IN

Abstract

Background: Individual above the age of 60 years belong to the rapidly raising proportion in Indian population. Aging results in decline in the performance of daily activities that rely on the mobility and balance represent a solemn drip in the functional status leading to the risk of institutionalization. Adopting a regular physical activity and targeting the muscle weakness through resistance training would produce greater benefits in this population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of progressive strength training on balance related confidence and health related quality of life. Study design – Quasi experimental study. Method: This study was conducted in elderly between 60 to 75 years from residential care homes. Nearly 23 participants received progressive strengthening exercises for 8 weeks. The effect of strength training on balance confidence and quality of life were analysed using activity specific balance confidence (ABC) scale and Euro quality of life questionnaire (EQL-5D-5L) respectively. Result: Progressive strength training showed significant improvements in quality of life and balance related self confidence measure in elderly with impaired balance. Conclusion: Engagement of older adults in strengthening activities involving major muscle groups are essential component in elderly rehabilitation to maintain and control the age related wane in physical activity.

Keywords

Resisted exercises, Elderly, Aging, Fear of falls, Functional independence.

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